Biomaterials aimed for orthopedic and dental implantation should be biocompatible and mechanically stable to ensure the adaptability of implant in human body environment. The chemical stability of biomaterials is also essential to ensure corrosion and wear resistance in harsh human body environment. Use of various conventional inert materials and coatings often imposes many problems due to lack of sufficient biocompatibility resulting in poor osseointegration, excessive foreign body response, and infections. Second generation biomaterials provide bioactivity and biodegradation, while third generation biomaterials are designed to stimulate specific responses at the molecular level. In this session, novel trends in development of metallic, bioceramic, polymer, and composite biomaterials for orthopedic and dental applications will be presented.